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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
W.J. McGann, G. Entine, R.F. Farrell, A. Clapp, M.R. Squillante
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 14 | Number 2 | September 1988 | Pages 1041-1046
Measurement of Tritium | doi.org/10.13182/FST88-A25275
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Low noise silicon avalanche photodiodes (APDs) with ultra thin surface dead layers have been developed for detecting tritium beta particles. Unlike the present windowless proportional counters and liquid scintillation techniques this alternative requires no liquid or flowing gases and has the reliability and compactness of solid-state detector technology. We have carried out detector research to study and optimize the physical and electrical properties of APDs for nuclear spectroscopy. A particular emphasis has been placed on reducing the noise and surface dead layer of large area avalanche photodiodes (1 cm diameter) in order to maximize the quantum efficiency for detecting low energy betas, as well as to investigate the effects of changing temperature, bias, and leakage current on avalanche gain, signal-to-noise and tritium detection quantum efficiency.