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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Jack Hovingh, Victor O. Brady, Andris Faltens, Denis Keefe, Edward P. Lee
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 13 | Number 2 | February 1988 | Pages 255-278
Technical Paper | Heavy-Ion Fusion | doi.org/10.13182/FST88-A25104
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A linear induction accelerator that produces a beam of energetic heavy ions (T ∼ 10 GeV, A ∼ 200 amu) is a prime candidate as a driver for an inertial fusion power plant. Some early perceptions were that heavy-ion driven fusion would not be cost-competitive with other power sources because of the high cost of the accelerators. However, improved understanding of the physics of heavy-ion transport and acceleration (supported by experimental results), combined with advances in accelerator technology, have resulted in accelerator design costs ∼50% of previous estimates. As a result, heavy-ion driven fusion power plants are now projected to be cost-competitive with other conceptual fusion power plants. A brief formulation of transport and acceleration physics is presented here, along with a description of the induction Linac cost optimization code LIACEP. Cost trends are presented and discussed, along with specific cost estimates for several accelerator designs matched to specific inertial fusion target yields. Finally, a cost-effective strategy using heavy-ion induction Linacs in a development scenario for inertial fusion is presented.