ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Division Spotlight
Radiation Protection & Shielding
The Radiation Protection and Shielding Division is developing and promoting radiation protection and shielding aspects of nuclear science and technology — including interaction of nuclear radiation with materials and biological systems, instruments and techniques for the measurement of nuclear radiation fields, and radiation shield design and evaluation.
Meeting Spotlight
ANS Student Conference 2025
April 3–5, 2025
Albuquerque, NM|The University of New Mexico
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Apr 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
May 2025
Nuclear Technology
April 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
H. W. Kugel, R. Budny, R. Fonck, R. Goldston, B. Grek, R. Kaita, S. Kaye, R. J. Knize, D. Manos, R. McCann, D. McCune, K. McGuire, D. K. Owens, D. Post, G. Schmidt, M. Ulrickson
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 12 | Number 1 | July 1987 | Pages 145-152
Technical Paper | Divertor System | doi.org/10.13182/FST87-A25058
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Power transport to the Poloidal Divert or Experiment graphite scoop limiter was measured during both ohmic- and neutral-beam-heated discharges by observing its front face temperatures using an infrared camera. Measurements were made as a function of plasma density, current, position, fueling mode, and heating power for both co- and counter-neutral beam injection. The measured thermal load on the scoop limiter was 25 to 50% of the total plasma heating power. The measured peak front face midplane temperature was 1500°C, corresponding to a peak surface power density of 3 kW/cm2. This power density implies an effective parallel power flow of 54 kW/cm2 in agreement with the radial power distribution extrapolated from television Thomson scattering and calorimetry measurements. Symmetric and asymmetric thermal loads were observed. The asymmetric heat loads were predominantly skewed toward the respective ion drift directions for both co- and counterinjected beams. The results of transport calculations are consistent with the direction and magnitude of the observed asymmetries.