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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Francesco Scaffidi-Argentina, Mario Dalle Donne, Claudio Ronchi, Claudio Ferrero
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 33 | Number 2 | March 1998 | Pages 146-163
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST98-A25
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A new computer code, called ANFIBE (ANalysis of Fusion Irradiated BEryllium), has been developed to describe the most important processes (diffusion, gas precipitation, bubble coalescence, helium-bubble trapping, chemical trapping, etc.) thought to affect gas behavior and swelling in beryllium during fast neutron irradiation. The new model allows the prediction of helium and tritium redistribution, induced swelling, and release. The relevant effects occurring in irradiated beryllium under steady or transient temperature conditions have been considered from a microscopic (lattice and subgranular volume elements), structural (metallographic features of the material), and geometrical (specimen design parameters) point of view.The main results of this validation work represent the second part of the presentation of this model. The relevant beryllium properties published in the literature are presented and critically examined. The performance of the code is assessed by comparing the code predictions with a large set of published experimental data on swelling and gas release in beryllium under fast neutron irradiation.
