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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Wolfgang Schule
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 10 | Number 1 | July 1986 | Pages 113-123
Technical Paper | Materials Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST86-A24752
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In Cu-30 Zn alloys during irradiation with 2-MeV electrons from a Van de Graaff generator, the electrical resistivity first decreases due to radiation-enhanced ordering and then increases due to the formation of very small interstitial clusters. The activation energy during irradiation for both processes is approximately Qirr = 0.37 eV and is interpreted as half of the migration energy of freely migrating interstitials. For irradiation temperatures below 75°C, a second resistivity increase is found that is attributed to the formation of stable interstitial clusters. The observed radiation-enhanced diffusion rates below ambient temperature are many orders of magnitude smaller and larger than those predicted by the one- and the two-interstitial models, respectively, and these rates are in agreement with the predictions of the modified two-interstitial model.
