Fusion Science and Technology -- ANS / Publications / Journals / Fusion Science and Technology

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  General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
  Nichols
  The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
  As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
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A 14-MeV neutron streaming through a narrow vertical hole duct in the diagnostics room of a Deuterium-Tritium Fusion Experimental Device (R tokamak) was analyzed using the Monte Carlo coupling technique. Neutron dose rate distributions in the horizontal direction as well as in the axial direction along the vertical hole duct were calculated to evaluate the neutron streaming effect through the hole duct. The dose rate distribution in the axial direction undergoes relatively small changes, but the distribution changed abruptly in the horizontal direction. Compared to ANISN results, Monte Carlo calculations show a neutron streaming effect at locations beyond the vertical hole duct axis in the horizontal direction. The fractional standard deviation (FSD) due to error propagation was calculated by the ORION code based on an error propagation equation. The FSDs were within 0.06 at the detector locations along the axial direction along the vertical hole duct; but, they were as much as 0.25 to 0.47 for >15 cm beyond the hole duct axis in the horizontal direction.