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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Paul N. Stevens
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 5 | Number 1 | January 1984 | Pages 109-114
Deep Penetration: Problem and Method of Solution | Special Section Contents / Sheilding | doi.org/10.13182/FST84-A23084
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The formal basis of the use of calculated importance information for biasing forward and adjoint Monte Carlo deep penetration shielding problems is presented. The distinction between the “point value” and “event value” functions for adjoint problems is discussed. The analysis reveals that the emergent particle density, and not the particle flux density, is the proper choice of biasing function for the selection of the ad junctor's next collision site. This is analogous to the choice of the event value as the value function for the biased selection of the next collision site in the forward analysis. A numerical illustrative problem consisting of a concrete cylinder with an axial duct, a plane source on the bottom surface, and four joint detectors outside the emergent top surface is used to demonstrate this theory.