ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2025
Nuclear Technology
August 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
T. Tanabe, K. Miyasaka, K. Sugiyama, K. Masaki, K. Kodama, N. Miya
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 41 | Number 3 | May 2002 | Pages 877-881
Material Interaction and Permeation | Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology Tsukuba, Japan November 12-16, 2001 | doi.org/10.13182/FST02-A22710
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Tritium distributions on the graphite tiles used as plasma facing tiles in divertor tiles, dome units, and the baffle plates of JT-60U were successfully measured. The highest tritium level was found at the top of the dome or the private region and the outer baffle plates, where the plasma did not hit but the distance from the plasma was the shortest. For the divertor tiles, the tritium retention was very small. Such tritium distribution observed in JT-60U tiles can be well explained by the homogeneous implantation of rather high energy tritium and thermal release due to the heat load.