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Colin Judge: Testing structural materials in Idaho’s newest hot cell facility
Idaho National Laboratory’s newest facility—the Sample Preparation Laboratory (SPL)—sits across the road from the Hot Fuel Examination Facility (HFEF), which started operating in 1975. SPL will host the first new hot cells at INL’s Materials and Fuels Complex (MFC) in 50 years, giving INL researchers and partners new flexibility to test the structural properties of irradiated materials fresh from the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) or from a partner’s facility.
Materials meant to withstand extreme conditions in fission or fusion power plants must be tested under similar conditions and pushed past their breaking points so performance and limitations can be understood and improved. Once irradiated, materials samples can be cut down to size in SPL and packaged for testing in other facilities at INL or other national laboratories, commercial labs, or universities. But they can also be subjected to extreme thermal or corrosive conditions and mechanical testing right in SPL, explains Colin Judge, who, as INL’s division director for nuclear materials performance, oversees SPL and other facilities at the MFC.
SPL won’t go “hot” until January 2026, but Judge spoke with NN staff writer Susan Gallier about its capabilities as his team was moving instruments into the new facility.
William L. Barr, Ralph W. Moir
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 3 | Number 1 | January 1983 | Pages 98-111
Technical Paper | Energy Storage, Switching, and Conversion | doi.org/10.13182/FST83-A20820
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The power carried out through the ends of a mirror fusion reactor by escaping plasma can be converted directly into electricity by a plasma direct converter. Test results from three plasma direct converters are described. The first two tests were performed with a steady-state power density up to 70 W/cm2 to simulate the predicted conditions on a reactor (∼100 W/cm2). A single-stage unit and a two-stage unit of the venetian-blind type were tested up to 100 kV and 6 kW for a total time of ∼80 h. In scaling up in energy from previous experiments, the new effects that became important were the ionization of background gas and the release of secondary electrons at surfaces. In the third test, a single-stage unit was mounted on the end wall of the Tandem Mirror Experiment (TMX) device where it intercepted some of the end-loss plasma. Of the 138 W incident on the direct converter, 79 W were recovered and 12 W were used to power the suppressor grid. The net efficiency was therefore 48%; this was in good agreement with predictions for a single-stage unit and the TMX plasma parameters. These test results lend confidence to our direct-converter designs for fusion reactors. The remaining area of concern includes the general problem imposed by high-voltage breakdown in a large direct converter with many joules of stored energy.