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Fusion Science and Technology
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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
U. K. Roychowdhury, M. Venugopalan, M. L. Pool, Robert Graham
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 2 | Number 3 | July 1982 | Pages 392-397
Technical Paper | Special Section Contents / Plasma Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST82-A20771
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A quadrupole coil that produces an inwardly convex curvature of the induced electric field lines and low induced magnetic fields in the plasma zone has been constructed. Hydrogen and boron plasmas were produced by the use of such a coil. Faraday cup measurements showed that the maximum proton energy in the loss cone of a magnetic bottle was 630 eV. Two such quadrupole coils were oriented to have nearly zero mutual inductance. Energy was imparted independently by ion cyclotron resonance to two different species in a plasma in a common dc magnetic field. A diborane plasma was produced by simultaneous operation of the two coils and the 2497-Å boron I line identified. The energy was supplied directly to protons and to boron ions. The quadrupole coil appears to be promising as a primary or supplementary heating source for certain fusion devices of the magnetic bottle type.