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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
C. Christopher Klepper, Taner Uckan, Peter K. Mioduszewski, Robert T. McGrath, P. Hertout
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 14 | Number 2 | September 1988 | Pages 288-298
Technical Paper | Plasma Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST88-A20262
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Design of edge components for a plasma device requires a description of heat and particle flows at the edge of the device. In a tokamak, the ripple of the toroidal field affects the direction of such flows by affecting the direction of the field. In Tore Supra, in particular, the ripple is large (≤8% at the outboard edge). This causes a substantial (factor of ≤2) increase in heat flux deposited onto the limiter and antenna face. It also reduces the particle removal efficiency of the pump limiters by increasing the distance between the throat opening and the plasma edge. It is therefore important to include the ripple when designing plasma edge components such as pump limiters and radio-frequency antennas. A simple, but accurate, scheme for field line tracing is found and used to study this effect. Modeling of the ripple is discussed.