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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Kiyoshi Yoshikawa, Shinji Kouda, Yasushi Yamamoto, Kouichi Maeda
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 14 | Number 2 | September 1988 | Pages 264-283
Technical Paper | Energy Conversion | doi.org/10.13182/FST88-A20260
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A two-dimensional code for an axisymmetrical plasma direct energy converter (PDC), the Kyoto University Numerical Analysis for Ion Trajectories in Axisymmetrical System (KUNAITAS), has been developed with the aid of the two-dimensional code Kyoto University Advanced DART (KUAD), including evaluation of atomic processes. The two-dimensional code was applied successfully to a PDC design for the Fusion Engineering Facility based on mirror confinement, with space-charge effects taken into account, yielding ∼60% recovery efficiency at pressures of 10−4 Pa. Calculations are made for particle trajectories of incident ions, slow ions and electrons, and secondary electrons in the presence of expanding magnetic fields and self-consistent electric fields with particle trajectories.