ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 ANS Annual Conference
May 31–June 3, 2026
Denver, CO|Sheraton Denver
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Dec 2025
Jul 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
January 2026
Nuclear Technology
December 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
November 2025
Latest News
AI at work: Southern Nuclear’s adoption of Copilot agents drives fleet forward
Southern Nuclear is leading the charge in artificial intelligence integration, with employee-developed applications driving efficiencies in maintenance, operations, safety, and performance.
The tools span all roles within the company, with thousands of documented uses throughout the fleet, including improved maintenance efficiency, risk awareness in maintenance activities, and better-informed decision-making. The data-intensive process of preparing for and executing maintenance operations is streamlined by leveraging AI to put the right information at the fingertips for maintenance leaders, planners, schedulers, engineers, and technicians.
Kazunari Katayama, Masabumi Nishikawa
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 41 | Number 1 | January 2002 | Pages 53-62
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST02-A200
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The behavior of tritium at removal from graphite material for a fusion reactor is discussed. The mass transfer coefficient representing the isotope exchange reaction between hydrogen isotopes in the gas stream and tritium existing on graphite surfaces and that between water vapor in the gas stream and tritium on the surface are quantified. It was found that the reaction rate between hydrogen isotopes in the gas stream and tritium on the surface is much slower than that between water vapor in the gas stream and tritium on the surface. And, the release behavior of tritium from a graphite particle to the gas phase is calculated with the reaction rates obtained in this study using the solubility and the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen isotopes in graphite that have been presented in the previous report by the authors. A way to remove tritium from a graphite surface applying the isotope exchange reaction between water vapor in the gas stream and tritium on the surface turns out to be effective at the room temperature, although a temperature >1000 K is needed to release tritium from the bulk of a 10-m graphite particle.