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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Satoshi Fukada, Makoto Okada, Yuki Edao, Hiroaki Okitsu, Shunsuke Yoshimura
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 64 | Number 3 | September 2013 | Pages 636-640
Test Blanket, Fuel Cycle, and Breeding | Proceedings of the Twentieth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (TOFE-2012) (Part 2) Nashville, Tennessee, August 27-31, 2012 | doi.org/10.13182/FST13-A19163
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Hydrogen permeation is investigated in a conjugated system of Li15.8Pb84.2 eutectic alloy or Ar under natural convection inside a cylindrical vertical sus316 tube. Two different temperature conditions are made between the upper and lower parts of the vertical tube. When thermal convection in Pb-Li or Ar with inside temperature distribution is fast, the rate-determining step for overall permeation rate is considered H2 permeation through the sus316 tube wall maintained at the lower temperature. On the contrary, when the inside convection is slow, the convection affects the transient behavior of overall H2 permeation rates. The analytical result was consistent with experimental ones of the Ar convection system. However, the steady-state overall H2 permeation rate for the Pb-Li system was much higher than the value estimated from the intrinsic permeability of sus316, and the values changed gradually with elapsed time. This may be because hydrogen is present as an atomic state in the Li17Pb83 convection layer with different temperatures, and bubbles on interfaces affect permeation. The overall H2 permeation rates under various temperature conditions are compared, and the effect of thermal convection is discussed.
