ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Division Spotlight
Human Factors, Instrumentation & Controls
Improving task performance, system reliability, system and personnel safety, efficiency, and effectiveness are the division's main objectives. Its major areas of interest include task design, procedures, training, instrument and control layout and placement, stress control, anthropometrics, psychological input, and motivation.
Meeting Spotlight
Conference on Nuclear Training and Education: A Biennial International Forum (CONTE 2025)
February 3–6, 2025
Amelia Island, FL|Omni Amelia Island Resort
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Dec 2024
Jul 2024
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
January 2025
Nuclear Technology
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Christmas Night
Twas the night before Christmas when all through the houseNo electrons were flowing through even my mouse.
All devices were plugged in by the chimney with careWith the hope that St. Nikola Tesla would share.
O. Gastaldi, P. Aizes, F. Gabriel, J. F. Salavy, L. Giancarli
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 54 | Number 1 | July 2008 | Pages 101-106
Technical Paper | Blanket Design | doi.org/10.13182/FST08-A1774
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Within the framework of the development of technology for a fusion reactor, the need of tritium breeding in order to reach fuel self-sufficiency is a major issue.The systems allowing this tritium production (breeding blanket) have to deal with a main difficulty that comes from the tendency for tritium to diffuse through hot metallic walls. Because of the double function of the blanket: i) breeding the necessary Tritium and ii) efficiently extracting the deposited heat, the coolantcontaining metallic surfaces used to promote the heat transfer lead also to a non negligible mass transfer of tritium from the breeder material towards the coolant.In order to improve the management of tritium, different studies have been launched in this field with applications to DEMO breeding blankets and to the corresponding Test Blanket Module (TBM) to be tested in ITER. The present paper is focused on the case of the helium cooled lithium lead (HCLL) blanket which is one of the two TBMs proposed by EU for testing in ITER.The study determines, for different scenarios of ITER operation (short pulse, long pulse and trains of back-to-back pulses), the flux of tritium between each circuit (mainly PbLi breeder and He coolant), and the inventories of tritium in each circuit. The establishment of mass balance equations for tritium in each circuit leads to a set of non linear differential equations solved in transient conditions since ITER pulses are too short to reach steady state. These equations rely mainly on Fick's law with a link to the tritium Sievert's constant in each metal.