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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Kunihito Yamauchi, Kazuki Ogasawara, Masato Watanabe, Akitoshi Okino, Yoshitaka Sunaga, Eiki Hotta
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 39 | Number 3 | May 2001 | Pages 1182-1187
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST01-A171
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Experimental results of spherical glow discharge for a portable neutron source are presented. An experimental device consisting of a 45-cm-diam, 31-cm-high stainless steel cylindrical chamber was constructed in which a spherical mesh-type 30-cm-diam anode was installed. A spherical grid cathode made of 1.2-mm-diam stainless steel wire was made into a 7-cm-diam open spherical grid. The system was maintained at a constant pressure of 1 to 15 mTorr by feeding hydrogen or deuterium gas. The visible and ultraviolet emissions from the device were measured using the spectroscopic method. Strong emission lines of hydrogen were observed, and all hydrogen lines were broadened, remarkably, by Doppler and/or Stark effects. From these data, beam ion velocity, electron density and temperature of the core plasma were estimated. Using deuterium gas, a steady-state neutron production rate of 104 s-1 was observed at a discharge of 40 kV, 2 mA. In the low-current region of several milliamperes, the neutron production rate was proportional to the discharge current to the power from ~1.1 to 1.4. The beam-background reactions were dominant in the measured range of voltage and current.