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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
J. Kohagura et al.
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 63 | Number 1 | May 2013 | Pages 176-179
doi.org/10.13182/FST13-A16899
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In GAMMA 10 two types of low frequency plasma fluctuations have been observed in the central cell by several diagnostics. One of which is the electron drift mode rotating azimuthally in the direction of electron diamagnetic drift rotation observed during ion cyclotron range of frequency heating (ICH). Recently a new interferometer has been installed in the mid-plane of the west anchor cell in order to investigate plasma density and density fluctuations in the anchor cell. By using the new interferometer, line-integrated density fluctuations are measured in the anchor cell and are compared to fluctuations in the central cell obtained by conventional interferometer systems. Density fluctuations around 10 kHz are observed in both cells during the ICH period and they are suppressed during the formation of axial confining potentials by electron cyclotron heating (ECH) in the plug regions.
