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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Norway’s Halden reactor takes first step toward decommissioning
The government of Norway has granted the transfer of the Halden research reactor from the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) to the state agency Norwegian Nuclear Decommissioning (NND). The 25-MWt Halden boiling water reactor operated from 1958 to 2018 and was used in the research of nuclear fuel, reactor internals, plant procedures and monitoring, and human factors.
S. Cirant, J. Berrino, P. Buratti, G. D'Antona, F. Gandini, G. Granucci, E. Iannone, E. Lazzaro, V. Mellera, V. Muzzini, P. Smeulders, O. Tudisco
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 53 | Number 1 | January 2008 | Pages 174-183
Technical Paper | Special Issue on Electron Cyclotron Wave Physics, Technology, and Applications - Part 2 | doi.org/10.13182/FST08-A1663
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The paper describes experimental studies performed on the FTU tokamak on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities and their active control by electron cyclotron (EC) heating and EC current drive (ECH/ECCD). It deals in particular with implementing of an automatic system that detects both the onset and localization of tearing modes and the localization of the EC power deposition and that is capable of actuating the stabilizing reaction with ECH/ECCD. The system is composed of a digital signal processor-based control unit to analyze electron temperature fluctuations (mostly from EC emission) and Mirnov coil data and to control gyrotron power supplies. The action is provided by an arrangement of four Gaussian beams at 140 GHz, coupling up to 1.6 MW power in total. The detection/reaction system, successfully tested in the experiments described, is very fast since no mirror motion is foreseen. In fact, the Gaussian beams are preliminarily oriented in an array covering the whole region where the mode is expected, and only the one closest to the mode is switched on at its appearance. The measurement of the deposition layer dep is performed by analyzing the transient response to modulated EC power. Different modulation waveforms are used, both periodic and pseudorandom, in order to select the most sensitive and fastest technique.