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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
E. Tsakadze, H. Bindslev, S. B. Korsholm, A. W. Larsen, F. Meo, P. K. Michelsen, S. Michelsen, A. H. Nielsen, S. Nimb, B. Lauritzen, E. Nonbol, N. Dubois
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 53 | Number 1 | January 2008 | Pages 69-76
Technical Paper | Special Issue on Electron Cyclotron Wave Physics, Technology, and Applications - Part 2 | doi.org/10.13182/FST08-A1654
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The proposed fast ion collective Thomson scattering (CTS) diagnostic system for ITER provides the unique capability of measuring the temporally and spatially resolved velocity distribution of the confined fast ions and fusion alpha particles in a burning ITER plasma. The present paper describes the status of the iteration toward the detailed design of the ITER fast ion CTS diagnostic and explains in detail a number of essential considerations and challenges.The diagnostic consists of two separate receiving systems. One system measures the fast ion velocity component in the direction near perpendicular, and the other measures the component near parallel to the magnetic field. Each system has a high-power probe beam at an operating frequency of 60 GHz and a receiver unit. In order to prevent neutron damage to moveable parts, the geometry of the probes and receivers is fixed. An array of receivers in each receiving unit ensures simultaneous measurements in multiple scattering volumes. The latter receiving system (resolving the parallel component) is located on the high field side (HFS) of the plasma, and this constitutes a significant challenge. This HFS receiving unit has been central in the studies, and new HFS receiver mock-up measurements are presented as well as neutron flux calculations of the influence of the increased slot height.