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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
H. Cho, J.-S. Yoon, M.-Y. Song
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 63 | Number 3 | May 2013 | Pages 349-357
Technical Paper | Selected papers from IAEA-NFRI Technical Meeting on Data Evaluation for Atomic, Molecular and Plasma-Material Interaction Processes in Fusion, September 4-7, 2012, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | doi.org/10.13182/FST13-A16441
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In plasmas including fusion plasmas, various molecules exist in neutral and ionized forms and interact with each other as well as with electrons and photons. To properly understand and control the plasma, cross sections of these interactions are needed. Many of these interaction processes are initiated by electron scattering, and therefore an understanding of the electron scattering with atoms and molecules in plasma and their associated cross sections are very important to understanding of plasma. In this paper we evaluate the total electron scattering cross sections (TCSs) for eight plasma-relevant molecules - C2F6, CF3Cl, CF3I, C3F8, c-C4F8, CH4, C2H4, and C2H6 - both to present recommended TCSs and to demonstrate evaluation methods. We have reviewed data from the literature up to mid-2012 and the energy range of interest is up to and including 100 eV. TCSs for these common molecules, which are supposed to be in the best situation among the scattering cross sections, are far from satisfactory. More activities in measurements of cross sections are required.