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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Viatcheslav V. Anisimov, Vladimir A. Arkhangel'sky, Nikolay S. Ganchuk, Arkady A. Yukhimchuk, Emanuela Cavalleri, Fedor I. Karmanov, Alexander Yu. Konobeyev, Victor I. Slobodtchouk, Lioudmila N. Latysheva, Igor A. Pshenichnov, Leonid I. Ponomarev, Marcello Vecchi
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 39 | Number 2 | March 2001 | Pages 198-208
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST01-A161
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The results of the design study of an advanced scheme for the 14-MeV intense neutron source based on muon-catalyzed fusion (CF) are presented. A pion production target (liquid lithium) and a synthesizer [liquid deuterium-tritium (D-T) mixture] are considered. Negative pions are produced inside a 17/7 T magnetic field by an intense (2-GeV,12-mA) deuteron beam interacting with the 150-cm-long, 0.75-cm-radius lithium target. Muons from the pion decay are collected in the backward direction and stopped in the D-T mixture of the synthesizer. The synthesizer has the shape of a 10-cm-radius sphere surrounded by two 0.03-cm-thick titanium shells. At 100 CF events/muon, it can produce up to 1017n/s of 14-MeV neutrons. A quasi-isotropic neutron flux up to 1014 n/cm2s-1 can be achieved in the test volume of ~2.5 l with an irradiated surface of ~350 cm2. The thermophysical and thermomechanical analyses show that the technological limits are not exceeded.
