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  General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
  Nichols
  The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
  As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
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A series of irradiation experiments were performed using Fusion Neutronics Source (FNS) at JAEA for the investigation of activation of materials relevant to Lithium/vanadium-alloy and Flibe/vanadium-alloy blankets. The specimens of V-4Cr-4Ti, Er and Teflon in 10 mm×10 mm×0.03-0.1 mm were prepared for studying the activation of V-alloy structure, MHD coating of Er₂O₃, and F in molten salt Flibe, respectively. Be, Li and Li/Be mock-ups were assembled with Be and solid Li blocks in addition to the assembly for direct D-T neutron irradiation to examine the dependence of the activation on neutron spectrum. The neutron spectra in all irradiation locations were calculated using MCNP code and JENDL-3.3 file. The activities of the specimens induced in various neutron fields were measured with a high purity Ge detector (HP-Ge). Experimental analyses were carried out using FISPACT-2001 codes with both EAF-2001 file and FENDL/A-2.0 & FENDL/D-2.0 libraries. The typical calculation/experiment (C/E) values lay in the range of 0.8-1.2. Coarse group treat for (n,) reactions, especially in resonance range, could result in overestimation. Use of continuous cross section improves consistency of the calculation with the experiment. However, accurate estimate of spectra is necessary when the flux changes largely with energy around the threshold or the resonance peak.