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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
Paritosh Chaudhuri, P. Santra, S. K. S. Parashar, D. Chenna Reddy
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 63 | Number 1 | January 2013 | Pages 59-65
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/FST12-489
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Plasma-facing components (PFCs) are an important part of the Indian Steady State Superconducting Tokamak (SST-1) design. The main consideration in the design of PFCs is steady-state heat removal of up to 1 MW/m2 , which is nearly the limit for incident heat flux of mechanically attached graphite tiles for tokamak PFCs. SST-1 PFCs consist of divertors, passive stabilizers, baffles, and limiters and are designed for long-pulse operation, which requires active cooling of these components. During steady-state operation, the average heat loads on the divertor and passive stabilizers are expected to be 0.6 and 0.25 MW/m2 , respectively. Design considerations include two-dimensional steady-state and transient tile temperature distribution and the resulting thermal loads in PFCs during plasma operation. Thermal analysis is carried out to evaluate the thermomechanical behavior of the SST-1 PFCs. In this technical note, temperature distribution and thermally induced stresses and strains in PFCs are analyzed using a finite element method, and the effect of stress and strain on different materials used in PFCs is discussed.
