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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
T. Hayashi, T. Suzuki, W. M. Shu, T. Yamanishi
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 52 | Number 3 | October 2007 | Pages 706-710
Technical Paper | The Technology of Fusion Energy - Tritium, Safety, and Environment | doi.org/10.13182/FST07-A1573
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In order to establish a proper control method of the DT fuel isotope balance in ITER, isotopic composition of hydrogen, which was released rapidly from the metal hydride bed by vacuum pump, was investigated using a ZrCo bed (1/10 scale of ITER fuel storage & delivery system) as functions of initially stored H/D ratio and temperature. The equilibrium pressure (P) of hydrogen - metal system has large isotope effect such as PH2 < PD2 < PT2 for ZrCo, however, the difference of H,D isotope fractions was within about 5%, during rapid delivery of about 90% hydrogen gases at 623 K and initial H:D of 1:1. In cases of initial H:D of 9:1 or 1:9, the differences of H,D isotope fractions were rather small of a few %. Even if the fluctuation of the isotope ratio is less than 5%, depending on the requirements from plasma physics experiments and fuel accountancy of tritium plant, batch fuel delivery from adequate gas tanks after isotope composition adjustment will be preferable to direct rapid delivery from storage bed.