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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
M. Sato, A. Isayama
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 52 | Number 2 | August 2007 | Pages 169-175
Technical Paper | Electron Cyclotron Wave Physics, Technology, and Applications - Part 1 | doi.org/10.13182/FST07-A1496
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Extended Trubnikov emissivity is evaluated to oblique propagation to the magnetic field in the spherically symmetric relativistic Maxwellian case. Using the extended Trubnikov expression, electron cyclotron emission (ECE) spectra and electron temperature profiles are calculated in a reactor-grade tokamak. We investigate the possibility of electron temperature profile Te(r) measurement from second-harmonic extraordinary (X)-mode ECE by changing the propagation direction. The observation angles all are scanned in solid angle to find out when the relativistic effects of the third-harmonic ECE on second- harmonic ECE decrease are minimal. The measurable Te from second-harmonic X-mode becomes high by increasing the angle between the propagation sight line and the equatorial plane because of the avoidance of the overlap region between the second and third harmonics, but the spatial resolution becomes worse. The antenna is not necessarily located around the equatorial plane. The second X-mode and the fundamental ordinary (O)-mode for the Te(r) measurement from ECE are best in the cases of Te(0) 24 keV and 24 keV Te(0) 50 keV, respectively. When the electron density, the magnetic field, and/or the inverse aspect ratio increase, the measurable Te decreases.
