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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
F. S. Zaitsev, S. Matejcik, A. Murari, E. P. Suchkov, JET-EFDA Contributors
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 62 | Number 2 | October 2012 | Pages 366-373
Selected Paper from the Seventh Fusion Data Validation Workshop 2012 (Part 1) | doi.org/10.13182/FST12-476
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In tokamaks, the problem of plasma current density and safety factor reconstruction, given the available measurements, can be strongly unstable with respect to the input data. Different constraints are used in practice to make the problem more stable. Traditionally, methods for equilibrium reconstruction search for one solution of the Grad-Shafranov equation with a set of constraints. However, the questions of the efficiency of a constraint in selecting a solution; the required accuracy of the measurements; the existence of very different solutions, which are compatible with the measurement errors; and the detailed assessment of the reconstruction confidence intervals are not addressed. This paper presents a numerical algorithm, based on the -net technique, which provides answers to all these questions. Examples of application of the method to the analysis of ITER- and JET-like plasmas are given.