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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
A. C. England, D. K. Lee, S. G. Lee, M. Kwon, S. W. Yoon, Hanbit Team (19R03)
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 51 | Number 2 | February 2007 | Pages 118-121
Technical Paper | Open Magnetic Systems for Plasma Confinement | doi.org/10.13182/FST07-A1329
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The Hanbit magnetic mirror has a central cell, one anchor cell and one plug cell plus associated vacuum chambers. The Hanbit device has been involved in a series of experiments on stabilization of the MHD flute type mode. Earlier work showed that it was possible to stabilize the m = -1 flute type MHD instability with RF power near the cyclotron resonance by the sideband coupling process. Divertors were used previously in experiments on the TARA mirror device and the HIEI mirror device. According to Pastukhov the main stabilizing effect is compressibility. The present configuration uses just one divertor coil in one end of Hanbit and produces a left-right asymmetry in the magnetic field. One of the central cell coils with reversed current is used as the divertor coil and two adjacent coils with increased current are used to compensate for the field droop and to prevent the field lines from intercepting the bare ion cyclotron resonant heating (ICRH) antenna. The divertor strongly reduces the m=-1 instability when the null point (x-point) is sufficiently inside the vacuum tank. However, the diverted plasma is directed into a wall and the divertor cannot be used to eliminate impurities.