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ANS Student Conference 2025
April 3–5, 2025
Albuquerque, NM|The University of New Mexico
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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Shinji Ebara, Takehiko Yokomine, Akihiko Shimizu
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 50 | Number 4 | November 2006 | Pages 538-545
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST06-A1277
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
So as to make the most of an available irradiation test volume of the gas-cooled high-flux test module of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility, the vessel of the test module is supposed to have a rectangular shape, into which specimens can be packed spatially efficiently. There is a large pressure difference of several atmospheric pressures between the inside and the outside of the vessel because gaseous helium flows inside the vessel to control the temperature of the specimens and a low-vacuum condition is kept outside the vessel for safety reasons. This pressure difference is assumed to cause readily the deformation of the vessel wall. Even a slight deformation should be taken seriously because the deformation of the vessel noticeably affects the coolant flow, that is, cooling performance. In this study, we performed elastoplastic finite element analysis for two rectangular vessels of the high-flux test module proposed by FZK and Kyushu University. In addition to the material nonlinearity, by taking into account the geometrical nonlinearity and thermal stress, we could obtain detailed results such as relations between the deformations and the pressure differences.