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September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Dongxun Zhang, Teruya Tanaka, Takeo Muroga
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 60 | Number 4 | November 2011 | Pages 1576-1579
Interaction with Materials | Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology (Part 2) | doi.org/10.13182/FST11-A12735
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Metal organic decomposition (MOD) Er2O3 coating for tritium permeation barrier was fabricated on two ferritic steels with dip-coating method. The interfacial layers, which were formed by the oxidation of the substrates, were found under the coating with different compositions and thickness according to the elemental depth profile of XPS. Their formations depended on the substrate materials (JLF-1: Fe-9Cr-2W based reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel; SUS430: 18Cr based commercial ferritic steel) and the baking atmosphere (air or Ar). The main reason could be selective oxidation of main elements in the substrates at high temperature with the different baking atmosphere. For the coated JLF-1 samples, the surface smoothness and the hydrogen barrier performance of Er2O3 coatings were improved significantly by changing the baking atmosphere from air to Ar. The composition change in the oxidized interfacial layer from iron oxide to chromium oxide may be the reason for the improved surface smoothness and permeation barrier performance.
