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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
M. Kaneko, S. Kobayashi, Y. Suzuki, T. Mizuuchi, K. Nagasaki, H. Okada, Y. Nakamura, K. Hnatani, S. Murakami, K. Kondo, F. Sano
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 50 | Number 3 | October 2006 | Pages 428-433
Technical Paper | Stellarators | doi.org/10.13182/FST06-A1265
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In the Heliotron J device, the configuration effects on the particle confinement are studied experimentally with tangentially injected neutral beams and a charge-exchange (CX) neutral particle analyzer (NPA) system. The hydrogen neutral beam are co-injected into deuterium plasmas heated by electron cyclotron heating. The detected CX flux increases, as the CX-NPA is oriented to the beam-facing direction. The behavior of the CX flux is studied by changing one of the Fourier components in the magnetic field, the bumpiness component, B04/B00, from 0.01 to 0.15. Here, Bmn is the Fourier component of the magnetic field strength in the Boozer coordinates where the subscript m/n denotes poloidal/toroidal mode numbers. The dependence of the CX flux on the configurations and pitch angle, which represents the change of the loss cone shape predicted by noncollisional orbit calculation, is observed. The bulk deuterium temperature slightly increases with increasing the bumpiness component. The decay time of the CX flux just after the neutral beam is turned off becomes longer with increasing the bumpiness component. By comparison of observation and calculation of the Fokker-Planck equation, the loss time of fast ions in the high-bumpiness configuration is longer than that of the standard configuration in Heliotron J.
