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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Jose-Carlos Rivas, Javier Dies
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 60 | Number 2 | August 2011 | Pages 825-829
Computational Tools, Modeling & Validation | Proceedings of the Nineteenth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (TOFE) (Part 2) | doi.org/10.13182/FST11-A12488
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In this contribution, an upgraded model for plasma-wall interaction in the AINA code is presented. The AINA code is a comprehensive hybrid code comprising a global balance plasma dynamics model and a radial and poloidal thermal analysis of in-vessel components. AINA is an evolution of the SAFALY code, which was initially adopted to assess ITER EDA plasma safety events and quantitatively investigate plasma instability events in nuclear fusion reactors such as ITER.The new erosion code module includes algorithms for the most relevant plasma wall interaction phenomena that will take place in the ITER vessel during the steady state of the normal operation. Physical sputtering, radiation enhanced sublimation (RES), and chemical erosion algorithms have been added to the previous thermal sublimation algorithm. The erosion results from these models have been benchmarked with results for ITER normal operation from the B2-Eirene code.The new erosion model had to be tested with external data for particle fluxes over the wall, because the AINA code does not presently have the ability to model those particle fluxes. However, with the new results, the impurity transport model parameters have been re-calibrated and some useful conclusions have been extracted.