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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
A. Robinson, L. El-Guebaly, D. Henderson
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 60 | Number 2 | August 2011 | Pages 720-724
Nuclear Analysis & Experiments | Proceedings of the Nineteenth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (TOFE) (Part 2) | doi.org/10.13182/FST11-A12470
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Every few years, maintenance will be required to replace the plasma facing components of any fusion power plant. To come up with a realistic maintenance scheme, an accurate method of evaluating the biological dose rate is needed. In some studies, the simple and quick approach of the contact dose rate for a specific component was used to estimate the biological dose rate. This method doesn't take radiation from nearby components into account and the accuracy of its methodology is questionable. The more accurate multi-step method, which involves transporting the delayed gammas from induced activation in the forward or adjoint mode, is able to take radiation from all surrounding components into account. In this report, the biological dose rate was evaluated with the adjoint method at selected radial locations of ARIES-CS, and then compared to the contact dose rate of the nearest component to determine the accuracy of the contact dose method. Our results indicate that the approximate contact dose rate could be off by an order of magnitude.
