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  General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
  Nichols
  The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
  As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
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Non-inductive lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) experiments have been carried out on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak and the hard x-ray (HXR) spectrum has been measured. An improved analysis technique of the experimental HXR data has been developed to more accurately evaluate the HXR flux for this type of discharge. We have simulated a similar LHCD discharge with the full wave code LHEAF (Lower Hybrid wavE Analysis based on FEM). This code, combined with the newly developed 3D Fokker-Planck (v_∥, v_⊥, r) and synthetic HXR diagnostic modules, to calculate the steady state electron distribution function in the plasma and the resulting HXR radiation spectrum. The simulated non-thermal x-ray proflle shave been found to be in good agreement with the measured experimental profile. In particular LHEAF simulations were able to reproduce the broad width of the measured HXR profile for a discharge with low n_∥, which has been a long standing issue for LHCD simulations on Alcator C-Mod.