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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
T. Morisaki, S. Masuzaki, M. Kobayashi, R. Sakamoto, K. Tanaka, K. Narihara, H. Funaba, Y. Feng, F. Sardei, N. Ohyabu, A. Komori, O. Motojima, LHD Experimental Group, Y. Feng, F. Sardei
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 50 | Number 2 | August 2006 | Pages 216-221
Technical Paper | Stellarators | doi.org/10.13182/FST06-A1238
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Confinement improvement of ~20% from the ISS95 scaling law has been observed in the outwardly shifted configuration on the local island divertor (LID) experiment. In the configuration, highly peaked electron density profiles, together with peaked electron temperature profiles, are established with hydrogen pellet injection. A steep density gradient is formed in the internal region near the rational surface of q = 2 in the density decay phase after pellet injection. The plasma stored energy or central beta value increases and reaches its maximum as the density decreases, which is typical behavior of the reheat mode. Because of the increase in the central pressure, a large Shafranov shift is observed in the electron temperature and density profiles measured with a Thomson scattering system, suggesting the formation of the internal transport barrier during the LID discharge. Such better confinement has never been seen in inwardly shifted configurations. The reason for that is discussed taking the energy and particle transport into consideration. Recent results from a modeling study with the EMC3-EIRENE code are also presented.