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Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
T. Ozeki, N. Aiba, N. Hayashi, T. Takizuka, M. Sugihara, N. Oyama
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 50 | Number 1 | July 2006 | Pages 68-75
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST06-A1221
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A strategy for integrated modeling of burning plasmas at Japan Atomic Energy Agency is described. In order to simulate the burning plasma, which has the complex feature of widely different timescales and spatial scales, a simulation code cluster based on the TOPICS transport code is being developed by integrating heating and current drive, impurity transport, the edge pedestal model, the divertor model, the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), and the high-energy behavior model. The developed integration models are validated by fundamental research from JT-60U experiments and the simulation based on the First Principle in our strategy. The integration of MHD stability and the transport progresses for three phenomena with different timescales of neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) (~NTM ~ 10-2R), beta limits (~Alfvén), and edge-localized modes (ELMs) (intermittent of E and Alfvén). Here, R, Alfvén, and E are the resistive skin time, the Alfvén transit time, and the energy confinement time, respectively. The integrated model of the NTM is produced by coupling the modified Rutherford equation with the transport equation. The integrated model of the beta limits is developed by the low-n stability analysis of downstreaming data from the TOPICS code. The integrated model of the ELM is developed by the iterative calculation of the MARG2D ideal MHD stability code and the TOPICS code. These models are being validated by the data from the JT-60 experiments and estimate the plasma performance for burning plasmas.
