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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Norway’s Halden reactor takes first step toward decommissioning
The government of Norway has granted the transfer of the Halden research reactor from the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) to the state agency Norwegian Nuclear Decommissioning (NND). The 25-MWt Halden boiling water reactor operated from 1958 to 2018 and was used in the research of nuclear fuel, reactor internals, plant procedures and monitoring, and human factors.
F. Gandini, T. S. Bigelow, B. Becket, J. B. Caughman, D. Cox, C. Darbos, T. Gassmann, M. A. Henderson, O. Jean, K. Kajiwara, N. Kobayashi, C. Nazare, Y. Oda, T. Omori, D. Purohit, D. A. Rasmussen, D. M. S. Ronden, G. Saibene, K. Sakamoto, M. A. Shapiro, K. Takahashi, R. J. Temkin
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 59 | Number 4 | May 2011 | Pages 709-717
Technical Paper | Sixteenth Joint Workshop on Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (EC-16) | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-38
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The transmission line (TL) subsystem associated with the ITER electron cyclotron heating and current drive system has reached the conceptual design maturity. At this stage the responsibility of finalizing the design has been transferred from the ITER Organization to the U.S. Domestic Agency. The purpose of the TL is to transmit the microwaves generated by the 170-GHz gyrotrons installed in the radio-frequency building to the launchers located in one equatorial and four upper tokamak ports. Each TL consists of evacuated HE11 waveguides, direct-current breaks, power monitors, mitre bends, polarizers, switches, loads, and pumping sections and will have a typical length that ranges from 100 to 160 m. Overall transmission efficiency could be as high as 92% depending on the specific path between a given gyrotron and launcher. All components are required to be 2-MW compatible, and their layout and organization have been optimized for simplifying the maintenance accessibility and monitoring the primary tritium barrier integrity. Two different TL layouts are at the moment under study, to accommodate the two alternative options for the European sources: four 2-MW units or eight 1-MW units. In this paper the actual design is presented and the technical requirements are discussed.
