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Fusion Science and Technology
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60 Years of U: Perspectives on resources, demand, and the evolving role of nuclear energy
Recent years have seen growing global interest in nuclear energy and rising confidence in the sector. For the first time since the early 2000s, there is renewed optimism about the industry’s future. This change is driven by several major factors: geopolitical developments that highlight the need for secure energy supplies, a stronger focus on resilient energy systems, national commitments to decarbonization, and rising demand for clean and reliable electricity.
Jean Johner
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 59 | Number 2 | February 2011 | Pages 308-349
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST11-A11650
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The HELIOS zero-dimensional code (Version 1.0) is described in detail in the case of deuterium-tritium (D-T) plasmas.The part of the code described solves in a self-consistent way the thermal equilibrium equation of a D-T thermonuclear plasma coupled to the conservation equation of the helium ash with a He*/E = const. constraint.Prominent features of the modeling are the following: description of any type of last closed magnetic surface (LCMS) by means of four portions of conics; exact closed form expressions for the poloidal surface, plasma volume, plasma surface, and LCMS length; exact surface and volume integration (for arbitrary aspect ratio) in the approximation of magnetic surfaces similar to the LCMS; parabolic type density profile and two-parameters temperature profile, both with pedestals and finite values at the separatrix; line radiation of light impurities calculated from tabulated radiative power loss functions; scalings for the pedestal temperature, L-H transition, and confinement time; modeling for the divertor thermal load; self-consistent radial build modeling for the plateau duration calculation; and detailed power plant thermal balance.Applications to ITER and DEMO operation and to inductive reactor design are given.