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ANS Student Conference 2025
April 3–5, 2025
Albuquerque, NM|The University of New Mexico
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Fusion Science and Technology
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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Hideaki Iizumi et al.
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 59 | Number 1 | January 2011 | Pages 289-291
doi.org/10.13182/FST11-A11638
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
We examined the difference of the heating characteristic by the injection condition of the ECRH from the measurement of the soft X-rays representing the electron temperature. The line integrated intensity of soft X-ray (IsxL) in X-mode ECRH (the best absorption) increased to 5.8 times of that without ECRH and 3.4 times in O-mode (the worst absorption). The MCP signal ratio of the different absorbers (Pe2/Pe1.5) increased from 0.43 before ECRH to 0.56 during ECRH of X-mode and from 0.47 to 0.52 in O-mode. It is confirmed the electron heating by ECRH qualitatively in both cases. However the ion stored energy decreased in O-mode ECRH. This results show that it is important to maximize the first pass RF absorption at the resonance layer on axis for the efficient electron heating and avoidance of the confinement degradation of plasma.
