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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Hideaki Iizumi et al.
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 59 | Number 1 | January 2011 | Pages 289-291
doi.org/10.13182/FST11-A11638
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
We examined the difference of the heating characteristic by the injection condition of the ECRH from the measurement of the soft X-rays representing the electron temperature. The line integrated intensity of soft X-ray (IsxL) in X-mode ECRH (the best absorption) increased to 5.8 times of that without ECRH and 3.4 times in O-mode (the worst absorption). The MCP signal ratio of the different absorbers (Pe2/Pe1.5) increased from 0.43 before ECRH to 0.56 during ECRH of X-mode and from 0.47 to 0.52 in O-mode. It is confirmed the electron heating by ECRH qualitatively in both cases. However the ion stored energy decreased in O-mode ECRH. This results show that it is important to maximize the first pass RF absorption at the resonance layer on axis for the efficient electron heating and avoidance of the confinement degradation of plasma.
