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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
First astatine-labeled compound shipped in the U.S.
The Department of Energy’s National Isotope Development Center (NIDC) on March 31 announced the successful long-distance shipment in the United States of a biologically active compound labeled with the medical radioisotope astatine-211 (At-211). Because previous shipments have included only the “bare” isotope, the NIDC has described the development as “unleashing medical innovation.”
V. Sokolov, X. Wei, A. K. Sen
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 59 | Number 1 | January 2011 | Pages 154-157
doi.org/10.13182/FST11-A11596
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The anomalous radial transport generated by drift wave turbulence is a fundamental open physics question in magnetic confinement systems, both in modern tokamaks and current and next generation mirror machines. The role of self-generated zonal flows (ZF) in transport regulation via its shear is a potent concept and a physics issue. ZF are believed to be spontaneously excited by drift wave turbulence via Reynolds stress from small-scale fluctuations to large-scale flow.A basic physics experimental study of zonal flows associated with ITG (ion temperature gradient) drift modes has been performed in the Columbia Linear Machine (CLM). The difficult problem of detection of ZF has been solved via a novel diagnostic using the paradigm of FM (frequency modulation) in radio transmission. We find a power spectrum peak at ITG (`carrier') frequency of ~120 kHz and FM sidebands at frequency of ~2 kHz. We have definitively identified ZF with azimuthal and axial symmetry (k = 0, k// [approximately equal] 0) and radially inhomogeneous (kr [not equal] 0) flow structures in cylindrical plasmas in uniform axisymmetric magnetic field. However, quantitatively, the stabilizing effect of ZF shear appears to be small and no significant isotopic effects are observed. The unique complementary roles of ion acoustic damping and ZF shearing in the saturation of ITG have been experimentally demonstrated using stabilizing and destabilizing feedback techniques. Theoretically ZF is supposed to be saturated via ii. As this is very small both in tokamaks and CLM, we investigate the scaling ZF with in in which can be significant in CLM.
