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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
E. L. Alfonso, A. A. Clark, D. A. Steinman, R. B. Stephens
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 59 | Number 1 | January 2011 | Pages 116-120
Technical Paper | Nineteenth Target Fabrication Meeting | doi.org/10.13182/FST11-A11512
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Equation-of-state experiments using VISAR require the refractive index of undoped glow discharge polymer (GDP) and Ge-doped GDP at 532-nm-wavelength light. The index was measured with two different techniques. The first technique used measurements of pulsed laser reflections off a GDP foil suspended in refractive index fluid standards. Fluids with different indices were replaced until minimum reflection was achieved; this occurred at the matching index of the fluid and GDP film. The index of the correct matching fluid (or fluid mixture) was measured with an Abbé refractometer to produce nD (the refractive index at sodium D line, 589 nm) and was corrected for wavelength using manufacturer-supplied Cauchy equation coefficients. The second technique used interferometry to measure fringe shift over GDP and Ge-GDP bumps when submerged in various refractive index fluid standards. The fringe shift was minimized when matching the indices of the fluid and film. The refractive indices at 532 nm were 1.563 and 1.570 for undoped GDP and Ge-doped GDP, respectively.