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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
First astatine-labeled compound shipped in the U.S.
The Department of Energy’s National Isotope Development Center (NIDC) on March 31 announced the successful long-distance shipment in the United States of a biologically active compound labeled with the medical radioisotope astatine-211 (At-211). Because previous shipments have included only the “bare” isotope, the NIDC has described the development as “unleashing medical innovation.”
H. Igami, S. Kubo, T. Shimozuma, Y. Yoshimura, T. Notake, H. Takahashi, H. Idei, S. Inagaki, H. Tanaka, K. Nagasaki, K. Ohkubo, T. Mutoh, LHD Experiment Group
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 58 | Number 1 | July-August 2010 | Pages 539-550
Chapter 11. Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating | Special Issue on Large Helical Device (LHD) | doi.org/10.13182/FST10-A10841
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
For expanding applicable parameter ranges of electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH), various methods of ECRH have been studied with use of millimeter-wave sources of 77-, 82.7-, 84-, and 168-GHz gyrotrons in the Large Helical Device (LHD). The fundamental ordinary (O-) mode and the second-harmonic extraordinary (X-) mode are mainly used for starting up, sustaining, and controlling the plasma. Heating efficiencies of ECRH by launching of these modes have been investigated experimentally for wide range of the central electron density and compared with power absorption rates obtained by ray-tracing calculation. ECRH by the third-harmonic X-mode has been performed in each magnetic configuration Bax = 1 and 2 T with launching of 84-GHz range and 168-GHz millimeter waves. Increases of the electron temperature and the stored energy were observed in both cases. ECRH by the electrostatic electron Bernstein wave (EBW) has been expected to be a promising substitute in parameter ranges where the conventional methods of ECRH by the electromagnetic modes are not available. To perform ECRH by the EBW in LHD, extraordinary-EBW (X-B) and ordinary-extraordinary-EBW (O-X-B) mode conversion processes, the propagation of the wave, and the absorption have been investigated experimentally and theoretically.
