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Fusion Science and Technology
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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Y. Todo, S. Murakami, T. Yamamoto, A. Fukuyama, D. A. Spong, S. Yamamoto, M. Osakabe, N. Nakajima
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 58 | Number 1 | July-August 2010 | Pages 277-288
Chapter 6. 3-D Theory | Special Issue on Large Helical Device (LHD) | doi.org/10.13182/FST10-A10814
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The confinement of energetic ions generated by neutral beam injection (NBI) and ion cyclotron resonance frequency heating is studied using GNET simulation code, in which the drift kinetic equation is solved in five-dimensional phase-space. The steady-state distributions of the energetic ions are obtained, and characteristics of the energetic-ion distribution depending on the plasma heating method are shown. The magnetic configuration effect on the energetic-ion confinement is also investigated, and it is found that the energetic-ion confinement is improved by a strong inward shift of the magnetic axis position in the major radius direction. The interaction between energetic particles and Alfvén eigenmodes are investigated using the MEGA code and the AE3D code. A reduced version of the MEGA code has been developed to simulate the Alfvén eigenmode (AE) evolution in the Large Helical Device (LHD) plasma with NBI and collisions taken into account. The spatial profile and frequency of the AE modes in the LHD plasma are analyzed with the AE3D code. The evolution of energetic particles and AE mode amplitude and phase are followed in a self-consistent way, while the AE spatial profiles are assumed to be constant. It is demonstrated that the AE bursts can be simulated with the new code.
