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Von der Leyen shares regrets, growth plans at European nuclear summit
In 1990, 30 percent of Europe’s electricity came from nuclear power plants. In 2026, it is closer to 15 percent.
European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen lamented the decline of nuclear energy, calling it a “strategic mistake” when Europe turned its back on a “reliable, affordable source of low-emissions power.”
Dan Anderson, Thomas Elevant, Håkan Hamnén, Mietek Lisak, Hans Persson
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 23 | Number 1 | January 1993 | Pages 5-41
Technical Paper | Plasma Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST93-A30117
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Findings from a general study of issues associated with operation control of burning fusion plasmas are reported, and applications to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) are given. A number of control variables are discussed. A zero-dimensional system has been developed, and stability against coupled temperature and density variations is studied. Space-dependent energy balance and transition to thermonuclear burn are analyzed as are maximum obtainable Q values under subignited operation conditions. Control designs with different input-output strategies are analyzed and numerically simulated, and a numerical experiment on system identification is performed. Requirements on diagnostics are discussed, and areas for further study are identified.