Waste Management

A report by the Government Accountability Office has shown that the Department of Energy’s Office of Environmental Management continues to face significant staffing shortages since the GAO first reported on the problem in 2024. This includes a shortage in workers considered critical to carrying out the office’s mission of cleaning up radioactive waste from decades of nuclear weapons production and research.

The Supreme Court of the United States on Monday declined to hear an appeal from General Atomics subsidiary Cotter Corporation and Commonwealth Edison, an Exelon company, in a case over alleged radioactive contamination in the St. Louis, Mo., area, leaving in place an 8th Circuit Court ruling that allows the plaintiffs’ state-law tort claims to proceed under the federal Price-Anderson Act.

The Department of Energy’s Office of Environmental Management has received concurrence from regulators that Tank 14 at the Savannah River Site has reached preliminary cease waste removal (PCWR) status after radioactive liquid waste was successfully removed from the tank. PCWR is a regulatory milestone in the closure of SRS’s old-style waste tanks, which were built in the 1950s to store waste generated by the chemical separations of plutonium and uranium.

The Department of Energy’s Office of Environmental Management announced that its Oak Ridge Office of Environmental Management (OREM) is setting a new benchmark in cleanup progress at the Tennessee nuclear site—conducting demolition of two former Manhattan Project–era uranium enrichment facilities in a single year.

Advanced Decommissioning Partners, a joint venture of NorthStar Group Services and Orano USA, is set to complete major decommissioning activities at Crystal River-3 nuclear power plant in Florida this summer, according to the license termination plan (LTP) the company submitted to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

A recent Government Accountability Office report found that the Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Management faces significant aging infrastructure, data accuracy issues, and funding challenges in managing nuclear waste cleanup facilities.

As of June 2025, DOE-EM faced more than $1.5 billion in reported repair needs across about 4,300 operating facilities at the 15 cleanup sites the office oversees, according to the report. In addition, DOE-EM’s budget request included over $950 million in maintenance spending in fiscal year 2026, an 80 percent increase since FY 2020.

The Department of Energy’s Office of Environmental Management has announced that its Idaho Cleanup Project (ICP) recently received department approval for the conceptual design for a spent nuclear fuel staging facility project at Idaho National Laboratory.

Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory are exploring methods of using artificial intelligence and machine learning to better optimize formulas for stabilizing low-activity radioactive waste in glass through the vitrification process.

The work is helping inform waste vitrification activities at the Department of Energy’s Hanford Site in Washington state. The DOE is currently commissioning the Low Activity Waste Facility at Hanford’s Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP), which will be used to vitrify portions of the site’s nearly 56 million gallons of radioactive and chemical waste.

Claiming the Department of Energy is backing away from commitments made in a 2023 settlement agreement with the state, the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) is proposing revisions to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant operating permit. The revisions would prioritize the disposal of waste generated in New Mexico at WIPP, including legacy radioactive waste from Los Alamos National Laboratory.

Heavy metal rods are placed into large stainless steel TRIGA spent fuel canisters to test their load-bearing capabilities. (Photo: DOE)

The Department of Energy’s Office of Environmental Management announced last week that it is preparing to receive a shipment of spent nuclear fuel from Penn State University’s research reactor. The fuel is being shipped to Idaho National Laboratory for research purposes.

DOE-EM said crews with the Idaho Cleanup Project recently fabricated and tested four stainless steel canisters that will be used to receive and store the used TRIGA fuel. (“TRIGA” stands for “Training, Research, Isotope, General Atomics.”)

The European Commission has begun an open public consultation and call for evidence to help shape European Union policy on radioactive waste and spent fuel for the decade ahead. The public consultation lasts until June 19, while the call for evidence ends April 24.

Japan will study the possibility of siting a deep geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste on the remote island of Minamitorishima, about 1,200 miles southeast of Tokyo.

Masaaki Shibuya, mayor of the village of Ogasawara, reportedly expressed his willingness to allow Japan’s government to proceed with a preliminary survey, called a literature survey, of the island, which is one of several within the Ogasawara Islands.

When the Department of Energy’s Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy launched the Optimizing Nuclear Waste and Advanced Reactor Disposal Systems (ONWARDS) program in 2022, it posed a challenge that the nuclear industry had never seriously confronted before: how to design waste management solutions that anticipate the coming shift to advanced reactors and not merely retrofit existing systems built for an older generation of technology. The program’s objectives were ambitious—reduce disposal footprint, enable scalable pathways for unfamiliar waste streams, and build the technical foundations for future disposal—yet also tightly grounded in the realities of emerging nuclear fuel cycles. For the nuclear community, this was a timely call. Advanced reactors were accelerating toward deployment, but the waste management systems needed to support them had not kept pace.

Today is the Department of Energy’s deadline for states to respond to a request for information on proposed Nuclear Lifecycle Innovation Campuses. Issued on January 28, the RFI marks the first step toward potentially establishing voluntary federal-state partnerships designed to build a coherent, end-to-end nuclear fuel cycle strategy for the country, including waste management, according to the DOE.

A clearer definition of what constitutes high-level radioactive waste could save the Department of Energy’s Office of Environmental Management “tens of billions of dollars” in waste management costs and accelerate its cleanup schedule by decades, according to a report by the U.S. Government Accountability Office.

DOE-EM’s efforts to manage waste resulting from legacy spent nuclear fuel reprocessing have been hindered for decades by the ambiguity of the statutory definition of HLW as laid out in the Atomic Energy Act and Nuclear Waste Policy Act, the report states. While admitting that the DOE has taken steps to overcome this ambiguity, the GAO says that the department has not fully evaluated all available opportunities to treat and dispose of waste more economically as either transuranic or low-level radioactive waste.

Waste disposal technology company Deep Isolation Nuclear has claimed that results of a study it conducted with reactor developer Oklo demonstrate that deep borehole disposal could be an option for disposing of high-level radioactive waste generated from the recycling of advanced reactor fuel.

Beginning April 1, the U.K.’s Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) and its subsidiary Nuclear Restoration Services (NRS) will take over the closed Hunterston B nuclear power plant for decommissioning. Located in North Ayrshire, Scotland, Hunterston B was shut down in 2022 after 46 years of service and is one of seven advanced gas-cooled reactor stations owned and operated by EDF Energy in the United Kingdom.

The European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) awarded a framework contract worth $112 million (about €97.6 million) to an Amentum-led joint venture to lead the cleanup of nuclear research sites in four European countries.

Hanford Site services contractor Hanford Mission Integration Solutions (HMIS) has agreed to pay the Department of Justice $3.45 million as part of a settlement agreement resolving allegations that HMIS overcharged the Department of Energy for millions of dollars in labor hours at the nuclear site in Washington state.

On January 5, the Nuclear Waste Management Organization (NWMO), the not-for-profit organization responsible for managing Canada’s nuclear waste, announced that it has submitted to the Canadian government an initial project description for its proposed deep geologic repository to hold Canada’s spent nuclear fuel.