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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Karl Verfondern, Werner Schenk, Heinz Nabielek
Nuclear Technology | Volume 91 | Number 2 | August 1990 | Pages 235-246
Technical Paper | Safety of Next Generation Power Reactor / Fuel Cycle | doi.org/10.13182/NT90-A34431
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The high fission product retention potential of coated particle fuel combined with inherently passive temperature controls guarantee almost complete fission product retention during an accident in a small modular high-temperature reactor. Extensive experimental results provide the basis for this claim to inherent safety. Models and codes have been developed to (a) predict realistic, or at least conservative, overall release rates from the primary circuit, (b) reduce the large number of experimental results to a small set of characteristic coefficients, and (c) predict release beyond experimental conditions. Conservative predictions of release from the core have been done using a traditional pressure vessel model for release from fuel particles and simplified diffusion models for fission product transport. This approach is based on experimental work that has been done on nearly all possible accident conditions and is limited by the finite number of experiments. Data reduction has been achieved with two different modeling approaches combined into a new model that is equally relevant to all volatile fission products. The safety design of the 200-MW(thermal) HTR-Modul is based on Kernforschungsanlage Jülich experimental results from fuel accident condition performance testing and the modeling effort has been applied to a safety review.