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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
H. Schaal, W. Bernnat
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 97 | Number 2 | October 1987 | Pages 161-173
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE87-A27462
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
For calculations of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors with low-enrichment fuel, it is important to know the plutonium cross sections accurately. Therefore, a calculational method was developed, by which the plutonium cross-section data of the ENDF/B-IV library can be examined. This method uses zero- and one-dimensional neutron transport calculations to collapse the basic data into one-group cross sections, which then can be compared with experimental values obtained from integral tests. For comparison the data from the critical experiment CESAR-II of the Centre d’Etudes Nucléaires, Cadarache, France, were utilized. In this experiment samples with different plutonium concentrations and different mixtures of the plutonium isotopes were oscillated inside the core at different temperatures between 20 and 360°C. The simulation of this experiment through the calculational model developed in the present study showed that the ENDF/B-IV data for plutonium are reasonable.