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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Y. Hamaji et al.
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 63 | Number 1 | May 2013 | Pages 371-373
doi.org/10.13182/FST13-A16958
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The structure of deposited carbon layers formed under various conditions ranging from small scale laboratory to large scale magnetic confinement devices was characterized using Raman spectroscopy. By comparing ion beam and TEXTOR experiments, the deposition temperature is found to be the dominant factor in three dimensional disorder of sp2 sites and sp3 ratio at T>493 K. While, no clear temperature dependence on properties of aromatic rings was observed, indicating other parameters responsible for the aromatic rings present in carbon deposition layers. The carbon layers from JET differed significantly, indicating influence of Be compound formation on Raman parameters.
